Immunoregulatory Effects of IL-37 and IL-38 on Intestinal Inflammation in Celiac Disease

Abstract

In people who are genetically predisposed, gluten consumption causes celiac disease, a chronic immune-mediated condition that results in ongoing inflammation and damage to the mucosa of the small intestine. In addition to measuring important inflammatory markers (IL-6, TNF-α, and CRP) and their correlation with anti-inflammatory cytokines, this study sought to explore the immunoregulatory roles of IL-37 and IL-38 in intestinal inflammation in individuals with celiac disease. Forty healthy controls and fifty celiac disease patients participated in the study. Standard laboratory techniques were used to measure the levels of serum cytokines. The findings showed that patients had considerably higher levels of CRP, TNF-α, and IL-6 than controls, indicating an active inflammatory condition. Additionally, patients' levels of IL-37 and IL-38 were markedly elevated, indicating a compensatory immunoregulatory response to persistent intestinal inflammation. Regression analysis showed that IL-6 and TNF-α were positive predictors of disease activity, while IL-37 and IL-38 were negative regulatory factors. Correlation analysis showed positive relationships between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. The results indicate that IL-37 and IL-38 may have significant immunoregulatory functions in controlling intestinal inflammation in celiac disease. A complex immunological network that aids in the onset and progression of disease is reflected in the imbalance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines.

Keywords: IL-37, IL-38, Celiac Disease, Intestinal Inflammation.